XIII. Modulations
Modulations are also known as key changes. There are two main types.
A. Direct Modulation.
These jump abruptly from one key to another.
| G Minor | B Major | ||||||
| Gm | Am7b5 | D7b9 | Gm7 | Cm7 | C#m7 | F#7 | BMaj7 |
| im | iim7b5 | V7 | im7 | ivm7 | iim7 | V7 | Imaj7 |
B. Pivot Chord Modulation.
The two keys share a common chord, with the impact of the change being softened.
| D Major | G Major | |||||
| Em7 | A7 | DMaj7 | Em7 | Am7 | D7 | G |
| iim7 | V7 | Imaj7 | iim7 | iim7 | V7 | I |
| vim7 |
The Em7 chord belongs to both the D major and G major keys.